Related articles and links |  1 of 2

Borrowing from various "wisdom traditions," New Paradigm business spirituality includes biblical values, but the vocabulary is often two-faced. It can take a neutral term—self-actualization, for example, which originally described just one human need among others in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy—and give it a decidedly New Age spin.

From a biblical view, the term self-actualization means realizing personal potential as stewards of God-given abilities. Philosopher Elton Trueblood asserted that, as beings made in God's image, we are obligated to realize our potential as a means of fulfilling and glorifying that image. Irenaeus of Lyons wrote that God's glory is man "fully alive."

When a business strives to develop its workers/managers with education, training, and greater autonomy or latitude for creativity, it helps them fulfill their potential as creatures made in God's image. Thus jobs designed or redesigned to fit employee gifting and development can serve kingdom ends. Often it will also improve the company.

"What people can be is more important than what they can do, because what they can do will flow from what they can be," wrote Max De Pree, who directed the Herman Miller furniture company with Christian regard for his employees' personal and professional development.

Such a people-first philosophy is a key in both biblical and New Paradigm business models. Very quickly, however, the New Paradigm movement hijacks the term self-actualization. In the more radical New Business wing, self-actualization becomes synonymous with transformation and other code words—enlightenment, inner wisdom, authentic or higher self, and higher consciousness—for states equated with deity.

"The purpose of business," said one woman during a Spirit in Business workshop, "is to awaken myself and others to the higher self and the interconnectedness with all others."

Her ethos may reflect a values-based approach to business, but the value of the "higher self" could well refer to becoming absorbed into the divine oneness to realize infinite potential. The value of "interconnectedness," likewise, could well go beyond awareness of social responsibility to pure monism. The values, in other words, may well put humanity on the throne of God.

In combination with New Age meanings for the otherwise harmless terms intuition and creativity, New Business spirituality ties self-actualization to even greater cosmic ends.

Creativity is the greatest virtue in the New Paradigm. It also occupies a high place in the biblical view of business. The Creator delights in the creative endeavor of a humanity made in his image. Catholic lay theologian Michael Novak lists creativity as one of the three cardinal virtues—and one of the seven signs of grace—in a business. Trueblood goes so far as to say that, in the interest of realizing one's potential in God's image, a Christian should accept a lower-paying position if it allows for greater use of creative powers.

New Business spirituality, however, routinely ties creativity to development of intuition through altered states of consciousness that, in turn, often carry New Age presuppositions of monism (all is one), pantheism (God is nature, and vice versa), or panentheism (God is in nature, and vice versa).

Thus New Paradigm business affirms development of intuition and altered states of consciousness—dreams, trances, intuitive flashes, or other nonrational states achieved through deep relaxation, self-hypnosis, and guided imagery —as the keys to tapping creativity. For many in the New Age movement, intuition is code for a range of telepathic, psychic, or other metaphysical phenomena.

next page... |  1 of 2

February 2003, Vol. 47, No. 2